Churu district was founded by rajputs, Rajputs of Nirban Clan in 1120 A.D. and named it Churu after chauhans name in the Jangladesh region of the state. It was subsequently ruled by chauhan rajputs and during war of 1871 the area came under dominance of Bikaner. It is situated in the middle of the shifting golden sand dunes and opens the gate to the great desert of Thar. Before India got its independence in 1947, it was a part of Bikaner State. Churu as a separate district came into existence in 1948.

Lakshmi Niwas Mittal, the famous Steel king and the CEO of Arcelor Mittal, the world’s largest steelmaking company was born on 15th June 1950 Rajgarh (Sadulpur) of the Churu district. The Government of India honoured him by Padma Bhushan Award in 2008. Kanhaiyalal Sethia, a well known Rajasthani and Hindi poet was born on 11th September, 1919 in Sujangarh, Churu District. He was honoured by many great awards likewise Sahitya Akademi Award, Jnanapitha Moortidevi Award in 1986 and Padma Shri Award in 2004.

Geographically, the district lies at 28°30'N latitude and 74°95'E longitude. In the year 2021, there was a total 0.56% forest area of total geographical area. The district occupies a geographical area of 13,835 sq km. and it is surrounded by Hanumangarh District on the north, the Haryana state on the east, the Jhunjhunun and Sikar districts on the southeast, the Nagaur District on the south and the Bikaner District to the west. The climate of the district is very unique. The summer nights of the district are cooler and winter nights of the district are warmer. The actual rainfall in the district was 605.7 mm in the year of 2021-22.

To administer in a better way the district is divided into 7 tehsils and 6 Assembly Constituencies. Churu is the only Lok Sabha Constituency of the district. Moreover, the district comprises 10 towns and 899 villages. The administrative language in the district is Hindi.

According to 2011 census the district has a population of 20,39,547 out of which 10,51,446 are males and 9,88,101 are females. The district has a sex ratio of 940 females for every1000 males. In the year 2001-2011 the population growth rate of the district was 6.01% including 6.45% were males and 5.56% were females. As per 2011 census the major religions in the district are Hindu and Muslim with 87.17% and 12.24% of the total population. The population density in the district is 147 persons per sq. km. According to 2011 census the principal language in the district is Hindi with 99.51%. In the year 2020 the number of live births in the district was 64,049 out of which 32,820 were males and 31,228 were females. In the same year the number of deaths in the district was 12,671 out of which 7,342 were males and 5,328 were females.

The great chunks of revenue of the district come from the agriculture and animal husbandry. The chief agricultural crops of the district are oilseeds like mustard seeds, wheat, kharif pulses, bajra (pearl millet), and gwar. The town has a Krishi Upaj Mandi Samiti (Agricultural Produce Market Committee). The Food Corporation of India has its warehouses in Churu town. Some of the small-scale industries of the area are granite slabs and tiles, cutting and polishing, and mustard seed crushing. In the year 2020-21 the gross domestic product in the district was Rs. 21,02,925 lakhs at current price and Rs. 13,24,874 lakhs at constant prices in the year 2011-2012. The net domestic product in the district during the period 2020-21 was Rs. 19,16,585 lakh at current price and Rs. 11,85,949 lakh at constant prices in the year 2011-2012. The Per Capita Income or NDDP, At Factor Cost during the period 2020-21 was Rs. 81,683 at current price and Rs. 50,544 at constant prices in the year 2011-2012.

The town has a post-graduate college i.e. the Lohia College which is affiliated to University of Bikaner. Balika Mahavidalya and Government Law College is affiliated to Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner. As per 2011 the literacy rate of the district is 66.75% including 78.78% are males and 54.04% are females.

Ram Singh Kaswan, a veteran politician was born on 10th August, 1945 at Kalri village in the Churu district (Rajasthan). He is a member of Bharatiya Janta Party and the Member of Parliament for four terms i.e. in 1991, 1999, 2004 and 2009. Rahul Kaswan, the prominent youngest MP from Rajasthan was born in 1978 at Kalri village in Churu district. He is the member of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

The places of interest of the district allure numerous tourists from different parts of the world. The Tal Chhapar Sanctuary, a blackbuck sanctuary, has more than 1,680 black bucks and migratory birds. Other centres of attraction of the district includes the grand Palatial Havelies in the towns of Ratannagar, Ratangarh and Sardarshahar, the Hanuman temple at Salasar and the Venkateshwar temple at Sujangarh, Goga Pir in Dadrewa, etc. The Bhadrakali Temple at Rajaldesar is popular among Shakta Tantra worshipers from all over India, which was established by Anant Shri Vibhushit Dandi Swami Jogendrashram ji Maharaj. Baba Phool Nath Temple at Nawa, Rajgarh is a distinguished temple.